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This simple project allows users to design an under-voltage, over-voltage, under-current, and over-current protection switch. It is a highly useful system for safeguarding electrical loads against abnormal power or current conditions.
The project features a relay with optocoupler input, a current-sensing circuit based on the INA195 amplifier, a 10mΩ shunt resistor, and a voltage divider network for voltage feedback. It is primarily designed for low-voltage and low-current applications up to 4A, but the relay can handle loads up to 5 A at supply voltages up to 48 V.
The system can be easily controlled using an Arduino or other microcontroller. Voltage and current feedback signals are fed into the microcontroller’s ADC pins for measurement, while the relay can be switched using a 5 V control signal from the processor.
This simple project allows users to design an under-voltage, over-voltage, under-current, and over-current protection switch. It is a highly useful system for safeguarding electrical loads against abnormal power or current conditions.
The project features a relay with optocoupler input, a current-sensing circuit based on the INA195 amplifier, a 10mΩ shunt resistor, and a voltage divider network for voltage feedback. It is primarily designed for low-voltage and low-current applications up to 4A, but the relay can handle loads up to 5 A at supply voltages up to 48 V.
The system can be easily controlled using an Arduino or other microcontroller. Voltage and current feedback signals are fed into the microcontroller’s ADC pins for measurement, while the relay can be switched using a 5 V control signal from the processor.
Over/Under Current Switch
The INA195 current-sense amplifier measures the voltage across the shunt resistor and provides an output voltage proportional to the load current. This output can be read by the microcontroller’s ADC to implement over-current or under-current protection logic.
The INA195 has a fixed gain of 100 V/V, providing an output of approximately 1 V per ampere of load current. For safety and relay handling limits, the recommended maximum current is below 5A. The system is designed for load voltages up to 48 V, ensuring that the ADC feedback voltage remains below 5 V.
Over/Under Voltage Switch
A resistor divider network, formed by R5 = 10 kΩ and R10 = 1 kΩ, is used to scale down the load voltage for ADC measurement. This feedback allows the controller to detect both over-voltage and under-voltage conditions. At 48 V input, the divider provides approximately 4.364 V, and at 5 V input, about 0.455V.
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This Low-cost LED dimer project includes two main parts, an LM3578 chip, and a MOSFET. The LM3578 generates a PWM signal, and Q1 MOSFET helps to drive a high current LED. The project also includes current limit feature. Over current trigger point is set to 1.1A. LED intensity can be set using a board trimmer potentiometer. The compact and low-profile circuit occupies a very small area. PCB has the option to mount DIP8 IC or SOIC8 IC.
This project provides 8 fully protected and isolated high-side power switches that are able to handle current up to 625 mA. An 8-bit parallel microcontroller compatible interface allows connecting the inputs directly to a microcontroller or standalone circuit system. The input interface also supports direct control mode and is designed to operate with 3.3/5V CMOS compatible levels. The signal transfer from input to output side is realized by the integrated Coreless Transformer Technology. The board is designed for industrial applications such as process control and PLC to drive inductive, resistive, and capacitive loads like Relay, solenoid, lamps, heaters, piezo.
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